ReviewMissouri medicine
Kratom in Clinical Practice: What Physicians Need to Know.
Review in Missouri medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kratom use is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, yet products marketed under this name encompass markedly different substances with distinct pharmacologic and risk profiles. Kratom leaf (Mitragyna speciosa) contains a complex mixture of alkaloids, primarily mitragynine, with serving size dependent stimulant and sedative effects, whereas many modern products labeled as kratom contain concentrated, semi-synthetic, or synthetic alkaloids, particularly 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH), with substantially greater opioid-like potency. This review summarizes the pharmacology, clinical effects, and safety data related to natural kratom leaf, contrasts these findings with evidence on high-potency alkaloid products, and examines limitations in adverse event surveillance resulting from exposure misclassification and polysubstance use. Clinical and toxicologic data suggest that severe acute harms attributed to "kratom" disproportionately involve concentrated alkaloid formulations rather than whole-leaf products. Guidance is provided to assist physicians in screening, counseling, and documentation, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing product type to support risk assessment, harm reduction, and patient safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42757335PMC13585002What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.