Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42763702›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

Frogs have layers: a comparative histological study of colour polymorphism in

Vasiliki Mantzana Oikonomaki, Mats Johannes Wiborg, Giselle Tamayo-Castillo, Roberto Ibáñez, Ariel Rodríguez, Heike Pröhl

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vasiliki Mantzana OikonomakiInstitute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Mats Johannes WiborgInstitute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Giselle Tamayo-CastilloCentro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA) & Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Roberto IbáñezSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama.
Ariel RodríguezInstitute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Heike PröhlInstitute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Colour polymorphism in aposematic species is often associated with ecological divergence and predator selection. In amphibians, colouration is achieved through the chromatophore unit, a layered structure of pigment-containing cells (xanthophores, melanophores) and structural cells (iridophores) that interact to produce the final skin colouration. In dendrobatid frogs of the genus Methods: We investigated the histological basis of colouration in three Results: In

Indexed as

AnuraChromatophoresPoison FrogsSkin PigmentationAnimalsMelanophoresSpecies SpecificityAposematicChromatophore unitCrypticStructural coloration

Identifiers

PMID42763702
PMCPMC13589513

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.