Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2026
Effectiveness of ChatGPT and DeepSeek in Urology Medical Education: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since its release in November 2022, generative AI (GenAI) tools, including ChatGPT, have gained widespread attention across various sectors, including medical education. Objective: This study seeks to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of GenAI tools (ChatGPT o3‑mini [OpenAI] and DeepSeek R1) in enhancing urology teaching outcomes for medical undergraduates. Methods: We assessed the accuracy of responses from ChatGPT o3-mini and DeepSeek R1 to authoritative urology multiple-choice questions. Then, a randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the learning outcomes of students using ChatGPT o3-mini and DeepSeek R1 with those using traditional learning methods. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to survey medical undergraduates' perspectives on the application of AI in urology education. Results: DeepSeek R1 demonstrated higher accuracy than ChatGPT o3-mini in answering urology-related multiple-choice questions. In the test following the self-study period, the DeepSeek R1 group surpassed both the control and ChatGPT o3-mini groups in total scores across various question types. Despite the superior scores in the ChatGPT o3-mini group, statistical significance was not achieved relative to the control group. Survey results revealed that most students had a positive attitude toward AI-assisted learning, believing it could effectively enhance medical education. Conclusions: DeepSeek-assisted self-study was associated with higher posttest scores than traditional internet-based learning, whereas ChatGPT showed numerically higher but nonsignificant results. These findings offer evidence-based insights into the embedding of GenAI within medical education frameworks, providing guidance for educators in developing teaching strategies and for institutions in formulating relevant policies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.