ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026
Heterogeneity in the association between cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline: a pooled analysis of five prospective cohort studies from 24 countries.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionWe assessed the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline in adults aged 50 years or older using pooled data from five multinational cohorts, quantified heterogeneity, and explored its potential sources.
methodsIndividual-level data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), Health and Retirement Study, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and Mexican Health and Aging Study (83,159 adults ≥50 years) were pooled. Linear mixed models were used to estimate CVD-cognitive decline associations, followed by random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored via descriptive stratification analyses, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses. In supplementary analyses, we fitted time-varying CVD models, mutually adjusted models for stroke and heart disease, and separate time-varying models for stroke and heart disease as sensitivity analyses.
resultsSubstantial heterogeneity across cohorts in the association between CVD and cognitive decline (I DISCUSSION: The association between CVD and cognitive decline varies markedly across populations, with opposite directions observed between Chinese and Western cohorts. This heterogeneity may be partially explained by variations in the composition of heart disease and the use of medication across five cohorts.
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