ArticleNursing open2026
Subjective Workload and Cognitive Failure Among Emergency Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis of Job Content and Job Burnout.
Article in Nursing open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsTo examine associations between subjective workload and cognitive failure among emergency nurses and assess whether job content and job burnout statistically mediate these associations.
backgroundCognitive failure in nurses is associated with occupational and psychological demands and may compromise patient safety and well-being. Examining the relationships among subjective workload, job-related factors, and cognitive failure may inform management interventions in emergency care.
designA descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study.
methodsThe study population comprised 320 eligible emergency nurses in Urmia. Using proportional quota sampling based on the number of nurses in each hospital, 295 nurses were recruited. Ultimately, 255 completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Broadbent Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 4.
resultsSubjective workload was positively associated with cognitive failure (β = 0.478, p < 0.001), job content (β = 0.577, p < 0.001) and job burnout (β = 0.425, p < 0.001). Job content was positively associated with cognitive failure (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) and job burnout (β = 0.278, p < 0.001), whereas job burnout was not significantly associated with cognitive failure (β = -0.030, p = 0.639). Job content showed significant indirect associations between subjective workload and cognitive failure (β = 0.139, p = 0.001) and between subjective workload and job burnout (β = 0.160, p < 0.001). The indirect association between subjective workload and cognitive failure through job burnout was not statistically significant (β = -0.013, p > 0.05).
conclusionHigher subjective workload was associated with greater cognitive failure among emergency nurses. Job content, but not job burnout, demonstrated a statistically significant indirect association in the relationship between subjective workload and cognitive failure. These cross-sectional findings should be interpreted with caution, and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal sequence and examine potential causal pathways. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Healthcare organizations should consider strategies to optimize job content, including enhancing workplace support and addressing prolonged or excessive working hours. These strategies may be relevant to addressing cognitive strain and job-related challenges among emergency nurses and may support staff well-being and patient safety.
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