Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42769175›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2026

Long-term trends in grain yield and main nutrient contents of three staple cereal crops in China (1980-2024).

Jinrui Bai, Minghui Hou, Guang Liang, Shui Yu, Baobao Shi, Jiazhang Huang, Haiquan Xu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jinrui Bai *Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Minghui Hou *Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Guang LiangInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Shui YuInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Baobao ShiInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Jiazhang HuangInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Haiquan XuInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Rice, wheat, and maize are China's three main staple crops and key sources of dietary energy and essential nutrients. Decades of cultivar improvement and changes in field management have been accompanied by substantial increases in grain yield, while the nutrient composition of these crops may also have changed over. However, the long-term trends of these alterations are poorly understood. Characterizing these trends is crucial for safeguarding national food security and ensuring an adequate dietary nutrient supply for the Chinese population. Objective: To systematically characterize long-term trends in the grain yield and major nutrient contents of rice, wheat, and maize in China between 1980 and 2024. Methods: Data on rice, wheat, and maize from 1980 to 2024 were collected from publicly available food composition databases and published literature databases. Linear regression models were fitted for each crop and nutrient variable to characterize temporal trends in grain yield and nutrient concentrations. Results: From 1980 to 2024, grain yield overall increased in all three crops. Grain protein concentration declined significantly in rice, wheat, and maize. Fat content decreased significantly in wheat and maize, whereas no clear trend was detected for rice. Carbohydrate content decreased significantly in wheat and increased in maize; no clear trend was detected in rice. Dietary fiber content increased significantly in rice and wheat; no clear trend was detected in maize. Furthermore, grain yield was negatively associated with protein concentration across all three crops, and with fat concentration in wheat and maize, whereas yield was positively associated with dietary fiber concentration in rice and wheat. Conclusion: Grain yields of rice, wheat, and maize substantially increased in China from 1980 to 2024; however, long-term trends in nutrient composition differed among the three crops. These findings highlight the need to consider nutritional quality alongside yield in crop improvement and food security strategies, and provide important empirical evidence to inform food security policy and crop breeding programs. Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/G3CFH, Registration identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/G3CFH.

Indexed as

grain yieldmaizenutrient contentsricewheat

Identifiers

PMID42769175
PMCPMC13590387

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.