Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42769891›Full record

ReviewOncology research2026

Resistance Mechanisms in Immunotherapy-Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy Combinations in Locally Advanced Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Abbas Hussain, Daniel Thomas Jones, Rishi Kumar Nanda, Ramaditya Srinivasmurthy, Jason Ta, Yin Mon Myat, Riccesha Hattin, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas, Sisi Tian, Suparna Shah and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Abbas HussainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Daniel Thomas JonesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sunrise Health GME Consortium, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Rishi Kumar NandaCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Ramaditya SrinivasmurthyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside/West, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Jason TaDepartment of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Citrus Hospital, Inverness, FL, USA.
Yin Mon MyatDepartment of Internal Medicine, One Brooklyn Health: Interfaith Medical Center Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Riccesha HattinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Jo-Lawrence BigcasDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Sisi TianDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Suparna ShahDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Robert WangDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Kyaw Zin TheinDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) remains difficult to treat despite multimodal therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have expanded treatment options, but phase III trials combining ICIs with chemoradiotherapy have demonstrated limited survival benefit due to complex resistance mechanisms. These include immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, impaired DNA damage responses, hypoxia-driven adaptations, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogenic signaling via the HER receptor family. This review outlines key resistance pathways and emerging strategies to overcome them. Nanotechnology-based approaches may enhance drug delivery and modulate the tumor microenvironment, while dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), and downstream pathways shows promise in addressing compensatory signaling. Advances in biomarkers, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), circulating tumor DNA, metabolic profiling, and radiomics, enable improved patient selection and monitoring. Novel immune checkpoints and adoptive cellular therapies, alongside personalized and adaptive trial designs, offer potential to improve outcomes in LA-HNSCC.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, NeoplasmHead and Neck NeoplasmsImmunotherapySquamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckChemoradiotherapyCombined Modality TherapyHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsTumor MicroenvironmentImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscombination immunotherapy strategiesimmunotherapy resistanceLocally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC)precision immuno-oncologyradiosensitization and immunotherapytranslational oncologytumor microenvironment (TME)

Identifiers

PMID42769891
PMCPMC13591367

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.