Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42772863›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Maximising the efficacy of in vivo exposure therapy using smartphone-assisted just-in-time adaptive intervention for anxiety disorders: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Iratxe Alonso-Olea, Patricia Gual-Montolio, Laura Díaz-Sanahuja, Lucas Niño-Ruiz, Adriana Mira, Sven Casteleyn, Carlos Granell, Azucena García-Palacios, Juana Bretón-López

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06788119 (Analyzing the Benefits of Using SYMPTOMS-JIT for in Vivo Exposure in Anxiety Disorders), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06788119 narecruitingnot on this map

Analyzing the Benefits of Using SYMPTOMS-JIT for in Vivo Exposure in Anxiety Disorders: a Randomized Controlled Trial Using a Mixed Methods Approach

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversitat Jaume IRan2025 to 2027Enrolled158ConditionsAnxiety Disorders, Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, AgoraphobiaArmsCognitive behavioral therapy with in vivo exposure, Cognitive behavorial therapy with in vivo exposure plus SYMPTOMS-JIT
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Iratxe Alonso-OleaDepartment of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1009-4396
Patricia Gual-MontolioDepartment of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain gualp@uji.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-5997
Laura Díaz-SanahujaDepartment of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Lucas Niño-RuizGEOTEC Research Group, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Adriana MiraDepartment of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Sven CasteleynGEOTEC Research Group, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Carlos GranellGEOTEC Research Group, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-9695
Azucena García-PalaciosDepartment of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Juana Bretón-LópezDepartment of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFor anxiety disorders (ADs), the preferred treatment is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), with in vivo exposure (IVE) as its main component. IVE aims to gradually expose the patient to feared stimuli and situations to encourage habituation. Despite its effectiveness, it is a hard component for patients, especially when applied on their own. Therefore, a (co-)therapist usually supports the exposure requiring considerable time and resources. Meanwhile, smartphones have become a promising tool to complement and deliver psychological treatments. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study presents the protocol of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an app (SyMptOMS-ET) to support IVE for ADs. The app provides a just-in-time momentary ecological intervention by profiting from advanced smartphone features to monitor, interact and guide the patient through the exposure based on their condition and context. Participants (158) will be adult volunteers suffering from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ADs (specific phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder and social anxiety). They will be randomly allocated to (1) CBT with traditional IVE (79) and (2) CBT with IVE using SyMptOMS-ET (79). The Diagnostic Interview for DSM, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) ADs will be used as a diagnostic measure. Primary outcome measures will be assessed with interference and fear scales from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV and with target behaviours; acceptability, satisfaction, usability and app quality will also be measured. Patients will be assessed at baseline, after treatment and at 1-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Data will be analysed both per-protocol and by intention-to-treat. It will contribute to the knowledge of just-in-time interventions, making the exposure component more accessible to patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Universitat Jaume I Ethics Committee (Castellón, Spain) granted approval for the study (CEISH/51/2024). The results from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and presentations at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06788119.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersCognitive Behavioral TherapyImplosive TherapyMobile ApplicationsSmartphoneAdultFemaleHumansMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeAnxiety disordersClinical TrialDigital TechnologyMobile ApplicationsPatient Satisfaction

Identifiers

PMID42772863
PMCPMC13599919

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.