Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42773482›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026

How are biomechanical and psychosocial factors associated with injuries across one season in Swedish elite and sub-elite female soccer players?

John Ressman, Philip von Rosen, Eva Rasmussen-Barr, Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05289284 (Aspects of Validity of the Single Leg Squat Test), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05289284 completednot on this map

Aspects of Validity of the Single Leg Squat Test: A Cohort Study of Female Soccer Players.

TypeobservationalSponsorKarolinska InstitutetRan2022 to 2022Enrolled269ConditionsFunctional Movement Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Sports MedicineArmsNo intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

John RessmanDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, Huddinge, Stockholm, 141 83, Sweden. john.ressman@ki.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-3069
Philip von RosenDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, Huddinge, Stockholm, 141 83, Sweden.
Eva Rasmussen-BarrDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, Huddinge, Stockholm, 141 83, Sweden.
Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas GrootenDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, Huddinge, Stockholm, 141 83, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSoccer is a high-intensity contact sport, and the patterns and burden of injuries can vary based on age, sex, and player level. To better understand injury occurrence, it is important to identify biopsychosocial factors that are associated with injuries. Our study aimed to investigate whether various biomechanical and psychosocial factors associate with time-loss injuries and reported injury problems in the dominant and non-dominant leg across one season in elite and sub-elite female soccer players.

methodsThis prospective study followed 244 elite and sub-elite female soccer players (22 years, SD ± 4) from divisions 1-3 over one season. Data on investigated factors were collected at baseline, while injury data were collected every four weeks. Negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine associations between the investigated factors and injury outcomes.

resultsFor time-loss injuries involving the dominant leg, higher levels of hip strength were associated with a lower injury incidence in players aged 16-19 years (IRR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98), while this association was not observed in the older age groups. Higher levels of fear avoidance were associated with a higher injury incidence (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14). For the non-dominant leg, playing in division 2 was associated with a higher injury incidence (IRR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.23-6.16) compared with division 1. Greater ankle dorsiflexion was associated with a lower injury incidence (IRR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), and higher levels of hip strength were associated with a lower injury incidence (IRR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99). Regarding injury problems, higher levels of fear avoidance were associated with a higher rate of reported injury problem observations for both the dominant (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07) and non-dominant leg (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06).

conclusionBiomechanical factors, including hip strength, and psychosocial factors such as fear-avoidance behaviour were associated with time-loss injuries and reported injury problems in female elite and sub-elite soccer players. The separate leg-specific analyses showed different patterns of associations in the dominant and non-dominant leg. Given the relatively small effect sizes, the findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.

trial registrationRetrospectively registered in Clinical Trials Gov, date of registration 13/03/2022. Clinical trials identifier NCT05289284.

Indexed as

Athlete fear avoidanceBiopsychosocialHip strengthInjuriesRehabilitationSports

Identifiers

PMID42773482
PMCPMC13599122

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.