ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026
Adaptive professionalism among rural primary care pharmacists: A qualitative study of stunting prevention practice in eastern Indonesia.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn rural primary care, pharmacists are increasingly expected to support preventive and public health activities, yet their role adaptation in under-resourced systems remains insufficiently understood. In Eastern Indonesia, stunting prevention provides a relevant context for examining pharmacists' expanded responsibilities in medicine and micronutrient supply, counseling support for mothers and children, and community-based preventive services.
objectiveThis study examined how rural primary care pharmacists in East Nusa Tenggara adapt their professional roles in stunting prevention practice, using adaptive professionalism as an analytic lens.
methodsA qualitative case study was conducted in Ngada and East Manggarai districts. All eligible pharmacists working in Puskesmas in the selected districts were invited to participate, resulting in a final sample of ten participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and July 2024. Data were analyzed inductively using Braun and Clarke's thematic approach, supported by OpenCode version 4.03.
resultsFive themes were identified: expanding professional boundaries, adapting to logistical and workforce constraints, negotiating interprofessional collaboration, responding to institutional dynamics, and sustaining community-oriented professional values. Pharmacists described roles in micronutrient and medicine supply coordination, posyandu outreach, counseling support, and maintaining program continuity when service gaps emerged.
conclusionAdaptive professionalism was enacted through everyday adjustments to service needs, interprofessional expectations, and resource limitations. Pharmacists' adaptive practices reflected a negotiated response to the practical demands of stunting prevention in rural primary care. Clearer role recognition, institutional support, and integration into preventive health programs are needed to sustain these contributions.
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