ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Association of paternal age with embryological outcomes and β-hCG positivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The independent effect of paternal age on assisted reproductive technology outcomes remains uncertain, particularly when maternal characteristics and conventional semen parameters are considered. This study investigated the association between paternal age and embryological outcomes and β-hCG positivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 192 ICSI cycles in women with PCOS aged ≤35 years. Male partners were categorized as <35 years ( Results: Maternal age differed significantly among paternal age groups ( Conclusion: Paternal age was not independently associated with β-hCG positivity or with a consistent deterioration in embryological outcomes among women with PCOS undergoing ICSI. Although an overall difference in fertilization rate was observed, this finding was not confirmed by corrected pairwise comparisons. These results should be interpreted cautiously because of the small ≥40-year subgroup and the absence of later pregnancy outcomes and molecular sperm-quality assessments.
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