ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Elevated cytokines in osteoporotic blood correlate with immune microenvironment shifts and dysregulated circRNA profiles.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis is inextricably linked to immune microenvironment dysregulation. However, the sex-specific immunoregulatory disparities between senile osteoporosis (SOP) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remain incompletely elucidated. Methods: In this study, we integrated multi-cohort bulk transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and independent clinical validations to systematically decipher the distinct immune landscapes and circular RNA (circRNA) regulatory axes underlying SOP and PMOP. Results: Bulk transcriptomic analysis revealed pervasive cytokine activation in OP, and such activation may be linked to divergent gene signatures between cohorts. Notably, Conclusion: This study unveils the sex-divergent immune-associated mechanisms underlying OP and delineates three novel circRNA-cytokine networks. These findings provide a theoretical basis and candidate molecular targets for the development of stratified, sex-specific clinical interventions for OP.
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