Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42781149›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026

Advances and prospects of 3D air-liquid interface cultured middle ear epithelial cells and inner ear organoids in otologic diseases.

Le Gu, Mengxian Du, Kai Zhang, Yuancheng Wu, Tihua Zheng, Qingyin Zheng, Bo Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Le Gu *Shandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Mengxian Du *Shandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Kai ZhangShandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Yuancheng WuDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Tihua ZhengShandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Qingyin ZhengShandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Bo LiShandong Key Lab of Complex Medical Intelligence and Aging, School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hearing loss and vestibular disorders represent major otologic disease challenges. Traditional disease models struggle to accurately mimic human otologic pathologies due to species differences and limited physiological relevance. Recent advancements in otic vitro models have provided crucial tools for related research. The core representatives include the middle ear epithelial cell model cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and inner ear organoids. ALI culture of middle ear epithelial cells highly mimics middle ear tissue structure and function, finding applications in drug screening and toxicity assessment. Inner ear organoids facilitate the

Indexed as

air-liquid interfacecochlear organoidshearing lossmiddle ear epithelial cell modelpersonalized pathological modelvestibular organoids

Identifiers

PMID42781149
PMCPMC13598388

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.