ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Hemoglobin glycation index and prognosis after successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Even after technically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO), patients face persistent excess cardiovascular risk. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), a marker of interindividual glycation heterogeneity, has not been studied in this setting. Methods: We enrolled 1, 513 patients who had undergone successful CTO-PCI between 2011 and 2023 at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. HGI was computed as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the value predicted from fasting plasma glucose using a cohort-derived linear equation. The primary composite outcome included cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke (cardiovascular events, CVEs). Secondary outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular death. Multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic splines were applied to assess associations. Results: During a median 810-day follow-up, 83 (5.5%) all-cause deaths, 53 (3.5%) cardiovascular deaths, and 73 (4.8%) CVEs occurred. After full adjustment, Each 1-standard deviation increment in HGI conferred an independent hazard of 1.34 (95% CI 1.14-1.58) for all-cause mortality, 1.52 (95% CI 1.25-1.83) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.42 (95% CI 1.15-1.61) for CVEs. Compared with the lowest tertile, patients in the highest HGI tertile exhibited a 2.41-fold (95% CI 1.37-4.25, P = 0.002), 4.13-fold (95% CI 1.91-8.94, P<0.001), and 2.73-fold (95% CI 1.47-5.07, P = 0.001) higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and CVEs, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a linear dose-response relationship, with a secondary exploratory threshold effect identified at HGI = -0.15 for CVEs (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22-3.44). Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort study, elevated HGI was independently and linearly associated with heightened long-term adverse clinical outcomes after successful CTO-PCI. These findings suggest that HGI may have potential as a prognostic marker for risk stratification in this population; however, prospective validation is required before clinical application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.