ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Increasing Multimorbidity Burden After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without HIV in the United States: Insights From the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C).
Yumeng Wang, Ahmed Sabit, Jerrod Anzalone, Dongmei Li, Eric Hurwitz, Nada Fadul, Shixiong Wei, Amy L Olex, Sandra E Safo, Jessica Y Islam and 11 more
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In one paragraphArticle in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
21 authors.
Yumeng WangDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ahmed SabitDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jerrod AnzaloneDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Dongmei LiClinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-2483 Shixiong WeiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amy L OlexC. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Sandra E SafoDivision of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Melissa A HaendelDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Funding
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7MUniversity of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2016 to 2025
$129.3MUCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1MClinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1MProject-005UL1TR001445 · NCATS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI BREDELLA, MIRIAM ANTOINETTE, HOCHMAN, JUDITH S · 2015 to 2025
$103.5MYale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MPhenotypic Diversity in COVID-19UL1TR001878 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI FITZGERALD, GARRET A · 2016 to 2025
$102.4MTransform Dissemination and Implementation Science in CTSA ProgramsUL1TR002319 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI John K. Amory · 2017 to 2026
$100.0MClinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0MWU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8MThe Harvard Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR002541 · NCATS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2018 to 2022
$93.0MImplementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1MBill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-018455CLC NIH HHS 75N90023D00001NCATS NIH HHS U24 TR002306NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001412NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001430NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001433NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001436NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001450NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001453NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001855NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001860NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001876NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001878NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001998NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002001NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002003NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002240NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002319NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002366NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002369NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002377NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002384NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002389NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002537NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002541NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002544NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002550NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002553NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002556NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002645NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002649NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002733NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002736NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003015NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003017NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003096NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003107NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003142NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003167NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004406NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI162247NICHD NIH HHS 75N94023D00001NIDA NIH HHS 75N93023D00001NIDA NIH HHS 75N95021D00001NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104938NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104941NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115371NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115428NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115458NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115516NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115677NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM133807NIH HHS 75N92023D00001NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131542ORFDO NIH HHS 75N99023D00001
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Background: People with HIV (PWH) have a disproportionately high burden of chronic comorbidities. However, how their multimorbidity patterns differ from those of the general population and how COVID-19 infection may affect this burden have not been well characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), including adults aged ≥18 years with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2024. Fourteen chronic comorbidities were identified using N3C concept sets. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify multimorbidity patterns before and after COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: Among 7 500 765 patients with COVID-19, 52,015 (0.7%) were PWH. The median age was 48 years (IQR, 33-63) and 57.3% were female. PWH consistently had a higher multimorbidity burden than PWoH, and this disparity widened after COVID-19: the proportion with ≥ 3 comorbidities rose from 45.0% to 55.9% among PWH versus 22.2% to 29.7% among PWoH. Four multimorbidity factors were identified in both periods: transplant and multiorgan disease; cardiometabolic disorder; substance use, psychiatric disorder, and liver disease; and obesity. After COVID-19, the leading pattern among PWH shifted toward cardiometabolic disorder. Conclusions: PWH experience a disproportionately high multimorbidity burden, with disparities further amplified after COVID-19 diagnosis and the leading pattern shifting toward cardiometabolic dominance. These findings highlight the need for integrated, multimorbidity-focused care for PWH.
Indexed as
cardiometabolic disorderCOVID-19HIVmultimorbidity
Identifiers
PMID42787535
PMCPMC13601801
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