Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42792959›Full record

ArticleGenes2026

Selective Whole-Blood Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes and TLR3/TLR7 in Type 1 Diabetes with Minimal Enterovirus-Targeted Amplification in Whole Blood.

Ilaria Galliano, Francesca Nardo, Davide Tinti, Cecilia Nobili, Paola Montanari, Cristina Calvi, Michela Trada, Luisa De Sanctis, Massimiliano Bergallo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Genes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ilaria GallianoDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1273-3178
Francesca NardoDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Davide TintiPediatric Diabetology Unit, City of Health and Science of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7265-9360
Cecilia NobiliPediatric Diabetology Unit, City of Health and Science of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-5112-8982
Paola MontanariDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Cristina CalviDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Michela TradaPediatric Diabetology Unit, City of Health and Science of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Luisa De SanctisDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2113-6196
Massimiliano BergalloDepartment of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9291-1332

Funding

Regione Autonoma della Sardegna BERM_RIC_N_COMP_REND_23_01University of Turin BERM_RILO_22_01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnteroviruses (EVs) have been proposed as environmental triggers in type 1 diabetes (T1D), potentially through activation of innate immune pathways and type I interferon (IFN) responses. However, the relationship between detectable viral infection and IFN-related transcriptional responses remains unclear.

methodsIn this cross-sectional, exploratory study, peripheral blood samples from individuals with new-onset T1D, established T1D, and healthy controls were analyzed by an enterovirus

resultsEnterovirus-targeted amplification was observed in only one T1D sample under the applied assay conditions. In the setting of limited enterovirus-targeted amplification under the applied assay conditions,

conclusionsThese findings indicate group-specific differences in whole-blood transcript expression of selected RNA-sensing and IFN-related genes in T1D under conditions in which enterovirus-targeted amplification was observed in only one sample. Given the cross-sectional whole-blood design and the analytical limitations of the EV assay, these results are hypothesis-generating and do not establish the presence or absence of systemic enterovirus infection or functional pathway activation.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1EnterovirusEnterovirus InfectionsToll-Like Receptor 3Toll-Like Receptor 7AdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansImmunity, InnateInterferon Type IMaleInterferon Type ITLR3 protein, humanTLR7 protein, humanToll-Like Receptor 3Toll-Like Receptor 7innate immunityinterferon signatureinterferon-stimulated genesTLR3TLR7type 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42792959
PMCPMC13606364

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.