ArticleBiomolecules2026
Circulating Amino Acid Profiles in Adults with Abnormal Body Mass Index: Associations with Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, and Total Cholesterol in an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Metabolomic Pilot Study.
Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCirculating amino acids are not only markers of nutritional status; in experimental and interventional models they have been linked to hepatic lipogenesis, lipoprotein assembly, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid conjugation, which makes them plausible candidate correlates of obesity-related lipid dysregulation. Despite this, most metabolomic studies of excess adiposity have focused either on a single lipid parameter-typically triglycerides-or only on branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This pilot study was designed to generate hypotheses about these associations across the full standard lipid panel using a targeted 19-amino acid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) panel in adults spanning the body mass index (BMI) spectrum, with an analytical framework oriented around lipid phenotype variance rather than body weight classification. The design is cross-sectional and the analysis exploratory; no causal or predictive claim is made.
methodsTargeted LC-MS/MS quantification of 19 plasma amino acids was performed in 50 adults grouped as normal weight (
resultsA distinct amino acid correlation pattern was observed for each of the four lipid fractions. Triglycerides (TG) correlated most strongly with glutamic acid (r = 0.58) and inversely with glutamine (r = -0.58). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated most strongly with glutamic acid (r = -0.61) and serine (r = 0.49). The strongest correlates of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were phenylalanine (r = 0.56) and leucine (r = 0.56), and those of total cholesterol (TC) were leucine (r = 0.63) and, inversely, glycine (r = -0.54). The atherogenic index (TG/HDL-C) increased 2.9-fold from normal to obese and was most strongly correlated with glutamic acid, isoleucine, and glycine. In the multivariable models the amino acid panel accounted for a modest share of the variance in TG (adjusted R
conclusionsIn this exploratory pilot cohort, lipid dysregulation in abnormal BMI was associated with two partially separable amino acid axes: a glutamic acid-glutamine axis (TG and partially HDL-C), and a glycine-serine putatively protective pattern opposing all atherogenic lipid parameters. These findings extend the established BCAA-insulin-resistance paradigm and suggest that targeted amino acid profiling-particularly for glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, and serine-may serve as a way of discovering candidate biomarkers for further study for dyslipidemia in individuals with abnormal BMI.
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