ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Immunohistochemistry-Based Molecular Classification of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Survival Trends Across Molecular Subtypes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBUC) is a heterogeneous disease, presenting variable clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses. Although molecular classification provides important prognostic information, its clinical use is limited by cost and technical complexity, making immunohistochemistry (IHC) a practical and reliable surrogate approach. We aimed to investigate the association between IHC-based molecular subtypes and overall survival (OS). We conducted a retrospective study including 75 newly diagnosed MIBUCs over a 4-year period. Tumours were stratified into seven molecular subtypes (LumP, LumNS, LumU, Ba/Sq, NE-like, stroma-rich, and double-positive) using a five-antibody IHC panel (GATA3, CK5/6, p16, FGFR3, and EpCAM). Marker expression was evaluated based on staining intensity and the proportion of positive tumour cells, using predefined, marker-specific cut-off values. OS was assessed for each subtype and compared across groups. Median OS ranged from 5 months (NE-like) to 26 months (stroma-rich and double-positive). LumU demonstrated the highest 1-year survival rate, while the double-positive subtype exhibited the most favourable long-term outcomes, at 2 and 5 years. Conversely, NE-like had the lowest 1-year survival rate, whereas the stroma-rich subtype demonstrated the lowest 2- and 5-year survival rates. No statistically significant difference in OS was identified across molecular subtypes (
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