ArticleToxics2026
Dermal Permeability of Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid (PFHxS) and Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) in Varying Vehicles and the Effects on Skin Integrity in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants associated with adverse health effects, yet dermal exposure remains poorly characterized. This study evaluated the influence of vehicle and chemical structure on dermal absorption and skin barrier integrity using a reconstructed human epidermis model (EpiDermFT). Two C6 PFAS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), were applied in three vehicles (acetone, water, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether [DEGME]) at concentrations of 0-0.015% for 4 or 24 h. PFAS concentrations were quantified in tissue and receptor media, and skin barrier integrity was assessed using histological and immunological endpoints. Increasing exposure resulted in higher concentrations of PFHxS and PFHxA in both tissue and media across all vehicles, indicating dermal penetration and absorption. PFHxS exhibited greater tissue retention but only a few small, isolated changes in cytokine and gene expression and no significant effect on barrier integrity. In contrast, PFHxA induced increased expression of inflammatory mediators and alterations in skin barrier function. These findings indicate a divergence between dermal retention and biological activity. Overall, while the vehicle influenced PFAS transport, biological responses were more strongly associated with functional group. These results suggest that functional group-dependent toxicity is an important determinant of dermal PFAS effects and should be considered when characterizing PFAS dermal hazard and grouping structurally related compounds for assessment.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.