ArticleFrontiers in epidemiology2026
Epidemiological trends of reported syphilis incidence in Xihu district, Hangzhou, China, 2005-2025.
Article in Frontiers in epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Syphilis remains a critical global public health concern. The reported incidence of syphilis in Zhejiang Province has long stayed at a high level nationwide, with Xihu District of Hangzhou identified as a hyperendemic area for local syphilis transmission. This study used 2005-2025 surveillance data of Xihu District, Hangzhou to analyze syphilis trends for precise prevention evidence. Methods: Syphilis surveillance data (2005-2025) for Xihu District were retrieved from China's National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. We calculated crude reported incidence rate for overall, primary, secondary, tertiary, and latent syphilis (per 100,000 population), and notification rate for congenital syphilis (per 100,000 live births). Joinpoint Regression 6.0.1 identified trend inflection points and computed period-specific annual percentage change (APC) and overall average annual percentage change (AAPC) across the 21-year span. Results: Total syphilis reported incidence rate presented an inverted U-shaped trajectory: rising rapidly from 68.71/100,000 in 2005 to the peak of 155.16/100,000 in 2010, followed by sustained sharp decline down to 13.17/100,000 in 2025, with the overall AAPC = -8.18% ( Conclusions: Syphilis control achieved substantial progress in Xihu District over two decades. Still, epidemiological challenges remain, including persistent vulnerability among young and older adults and hidden undiagnosed latent infections. Tailored interventions for high-risk groups, standardised latent-syphilis care, and sustained prevention of mother-to-child transmission are needed to lower residual disease burden.
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