SynthesisBMJ open2026
Sarcopenia in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated factors.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo determine the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia phenotypes and synthesise the evidence on factors associated with sarcopenia among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to 14 January 2026, supplemented by reference list and citation searching. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Cross-sectional studies of Indian adults (≥18 years) with T2DM reporting sarcopenia prevalence using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence checklist. Proportions were logit-transformed and pooled using random-effects models with Hartung-Knapp CIs and prediction intervals. Associated factors were synthesised narratively within a tiered framework separating adjusted from unadjusted ORs.
resultsSeven studies (n=1359) were included. Pooled confirmed sarcopenia prevalence (AWGS 2019, k=6) was 27.4% (95% Hartung-Knapp CI 18.9% to 37.9%) but highly imprecise: I²=91.7% and the 95% prediction interval ran from 6.9% to 65.6%. Subgroup analysis showed 20.2% for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry versus 31.7% for bioelectrical impedance analysis (Q
conclusionsSarcopenia appears common among Indian adults with T2DM, at approximately one in four, but certainty is very low and the plausible prevalence in a new cohort spans roughly 7% to 66%. These estimates are not a sufficient basis for a screening recommendation, but justify greater clinical awareness and, above all, community-based, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-standardised prospective studies, including from South India. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420251251024.
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