A wearable closed-loop insulin micropump toward a miniaturized artificial pancreas for diabetes.

Ziyu Kuang, Xiangbin Kong, Tan Cao, Rui Lin, Zhihe Long, Tianyou Jiang, Xianchun Jin, Xinyu Xue, Zhangzhi Zhao, Meihua Chen

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Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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10 authors.

Ziyu KuangSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Xiangbin KongSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Tan CaoSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Rui LinSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Zhihe LongSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-2029

Tianyou JiangSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Xianchun JinSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.

Xinyu XueSchool of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. xuexinyu@uestc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-6813

Zhangzhi ZhaoSports Department, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. Zhaozz@uestc.edu.cn.

Meihua ChenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Precision Radiation in Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China. chenmeihua@scszlyy.org.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The application of a fully autonomous artificial pancreas faces fundamental constraints from the bulky mechanical drives of conventional insulin pumps and the spatially separated glucose sensing unit. Herein, we report a wearable closed-loop insulin micropump that enables a miniaturized artificial pancreas for diabetes treatment. It seamlessly integrates an electrochemical micropump with an optical glucose-responsive microneedle (MN) sensor. The core actuation module features a novel semi-dry sandwich electrode configuration combined with a highly elastic latex membrane and a groove-type epoxy sealing architecture. This structural paradigm shift effectively eliminates bulk fluid flow and ensures robust hermeticity for precise, electrolysis-gas-driven, microliter-scale dosing with a precision of 0.5 μL. For continuous glucose monitoring, a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol (PVP/PVA) hydrogel MN array functionalized with 9-anthracene boronic acid (9-ANB) is employed. The specific binding of interstitial glucose triggers measurable fluorescence quenching, which is precisely digitized by an integrated XYZ true-color sensor (detection range: 0-600 mg/dL). Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate the platform's predictable, programmable delivery kinetics and excellent biocompatibility. In type 1 diabetic mouse models, a smartphone-controlled system by autonomously and effectively suppressed postprandial glycemic spikes, maintaining glycemic fluctuations within 25 mg/dL. This highly integrated, miniaturized design offers a compelling paradigm shift for next-generation, patient-friendly diabetes management systems.

Identifiers

PMID42810997

DOI10.1038/s41378-026-01463-2

PMCPMC13624260

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.