ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with improved survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring favorable-risk genetic features at initial diagnosis: a single-center retrospective study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring favorable-risk genetic features at initial diagnosis (FR-AML) commonly achieves remission after chemotherapy, but the optimal post-remission strategy remains controversial. This study compared allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with chemotherapy and explored prognostic factors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 190 patients with FR-AML treated at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between 2012 and 2022. Patients were stratified into the chemotherapy (n = 118) and allo-HSCT (n = 72) groups according to their post-induction treatment. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and non-relapse mortality (NRM), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and competing-risk analyses. Multivariate Cox regression identified independent prognostic factors. Results: At 3 years, the allo-HSCT group had higher OS (86.0% vs. 61.3%, Conclusions: Allo-HSCT was associated with improved survival and reduced relapse in FR-AML. This benefit extended beyond patients transplanted in CR1 to those who later develop R/R disease, in whom salvage allo-HSCT confers a marked survival advantage over chemotherapy. Deferred transplantation may remain feasible for selected patients when a suitable donor is available. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize post-remission treatment strategies in this population.
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