ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Incidence and implications of anti-rituximab antibodies in nephropathies and other immune-mediated diseases: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used in immune-mediated and hematologic diseases, but its efficacy may be limited by the development of anti-rituximab antibodies (ADAs). This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the incidence, detection, and clinical implications of ADAs in nephropathies and other immune-mediated disorders. ADA prevalence varies markedly across diseases and is influenced by assay methodology, timing of testing, and patient immune background. Although not all ADAs are clinically relevant, their presence has been associated with lower rituximab levels, earlier B-cell repopulation, reduced clinical/immunological remission, more frequent relapses, and hypersensitivity reactions. Overall, ADAs represent an underrecognized factor that may affect rituximab efficacy and safety, supporting the need for improved monitoring and more personalized therapeutic strategies.
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