Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42816087›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Augmented reality-assisted Tai Chi for adults with diabetes-associated cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Haoxuan Li, Xinming Xu, Zhouyu Guan, Qingqing Zheng, Yang Wen, Dian Zeng, Huijie Huang, Yiming Qin, Mingyue Yin, Guanqiao Li and 15 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Haoxuan Li *School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Xinming Xu *Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Zhouyu Guan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qingqing Zheng *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yang Wen *Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Dian Zeng *School of Clinical Medicine,Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Huijie Huang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yiming QinSchool of Clinical Medicine,Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Mingyue YinSchool of Physical Education, School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Guanqiao LiVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Hailong QinDepartment of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0356-7336
Yiling ZhuSchool of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Jinman KimSchool of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Lijuan MaoShanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Christian SandorTeam ARAl, LISN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, France.
Nadia Magnenat ThalmannMIRA Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Josip CarSchool of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-371X
Chwee Teck LimDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Felipe FregniNeuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-9355
Francisco B OrtegaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-1121
Jonathan P LittleDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Paddy C DempseyPhysical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Weiping JiaHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2168
Bin ShengSchool of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.
Huating LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-5545

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) undermines diabetes self-management and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although mind-body exercise may improve cognition, its benefits are often limited by the lack of timely, precise, individualised instruction and feedback in adults with cognitive impairment. Augmented reality (AR) systems can deliver performance-adaptive, visually anchored cues and auditory prompts in real-world settings, but their cognitive and metabolic benefits in DACI remain unknown. This trial will compare AR-assisted Tai Chi (iTaiChi), instructor-led Tai Chi (TaiChi) and standard care in adults with DACI and explore underlying metabolic and neurobiological mechanisms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this randomised controlled trial, 246 community-dwelling adults aged 45-75 years with DACI will be enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to a TaiChi group, an iTaiChi group or a standard care group. All participants will receive standard care. In addition, participants assigned to the two exercise groups will undertake a standardised Yang-style 24-form Tai Chi programme three times weekly for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score. Secondary outcomes include physical health related parameters and brain health related parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (Approval No. 2025-017). Dissemination of the findings will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media releases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2500111614.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Tai JiAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicAugmented RealityCognitive dysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseRandomized Controlled Trial

Identifiers

PMID42816087
PMCPMC13630021

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.