ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2026
The dynamic landscape of T helper cell plasticity and Th17-Treg instability in periodontitis.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a dysbiotic microbiome, yet tissue destruction is primarily driven by an exaggerated host immune response. CD4⁺ T helper (Th) cell subsets play important roles in regulating periodontal inflammation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption through distinct cytokine networks. Th1 and Th17 responses are closely associated with pro-inflammatory signaling and alveolar bone loss, whereas Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells exert context-dependent immunomodulatory functions. Beyond these subsets, Th9 and Th22 cells further expand the complexity of T cell-mediated regulation in periodontal lesions. Importantly, accumulating evidence supports T helper cell plasticity, exemplified by the emergence of IL-17⁺ Treg, suggesting that periodontal disease reflects immune imbalance and functional instability rather than the dominance of a single lineage. Clarifying these mechanisms may support the development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies aimed at restoring oral mucosal immune homeostasis. This review shifts the focus from static T cell subsets to their dynamic phenotypic flexibility, highlighting how maladaptive transitions drive chronic tissue destruction.
Identifiers
42816543What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.