ArticleNpj exercise medicine and health2026
Maternal cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with metabolic hormone concentrations in human milk.
Article in Npj exercise medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The composition of human milk reflects maternal cardiometabolic health, of which cardiorespiratory fitness is a key determinant. Yet, the influence of maternal fitness on milk-borne hormones remains largely unexplored. In this cross-sectional study, we measured peak oxygen uptake during a maximal exercise test in 149 lactating participants and quantified human milk adiponectin and insulin concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Higher maternal cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower concentrations of milk adiponectin after adjustment for body composition and weeks since delivery (
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