ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Association between triglyceride-glucose index, placental inflammatory cytokines, and perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association between maternal TyG index and placental expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in women with preeclampsia, and to evaluate their relationship with perinatal outcomes. Methods: Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine associations between maternal TyG index and placental inflammatory cytokine expression, while exploratory ROC analysis was used to describe apparent in-sample discrimination of adverse perinatal outcome status. Results: The mean TyG index was 8.73 ± 0.41. Placental expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β was observed in all specimens, with strong staining identified in 30.39%, 29.41%, and 26.47% of cases, respectively. TyG index was positively correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), TNF-α (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), and IL-1β H-scores (r = 0.27, p = 0.008). In exploratory ROC analyses, the AUCs were 0.84 for TyG index, 0.79 for IL-6, 0.76 for TNF-α, and 0.73 for IL-1β. The exploratory combined model containing TyG index, IL-6, and TNF-α had an AUC of 0.88. These ROC estimates were not internally or externally validated. Conclusion: Maternal TyG index was associated with placental IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression among women with preeclampsia. Metabolic and inflammatory markers also showed apparent associations with adverse perinatal outcome status within this cohort. Because the study was observational, biomarkers were measured after diagnosis, placental markers were assessed after delivery, and the ROC findings were not validated, the results should not be interpreted as demonstrating causality, prospective prediction, or clinical utility.
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