ArticleFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Oral health status in children with autism spectrum disorder in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Article in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and caregiver-reported dental care experiences among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and to describe caregiver awareness and practices related to oral care. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study included 53 children aged 3-18 years with a confirmed ASD diagnosis recruited from the "Autism Pobedim" rehabilitation center in Almaty. Clinical examinations assessed caries using the DMFT/dmft and CAST indices and oral hygiene using the OHI-S index. A study-specific 36-item caregiver questionnaire collected information on home oral hygiene, dental care experiences, and selected developmental characteristics. Results: Only 24.5% of children brushed their teeth twice daily, and most required parental assistance. Overall, 30.2% had never visited a dentist, while 58.5% of caregivers reported major difficulties during dental visits. Reported management approaches in the sample included physical restraint, sedation, and general anesthesia. Overall, 39.6% of children had received completed dental treatment. In addition, 71.7% consumed sweets between meals and only 17.0% rinsed their mouths after eating. Although 75.5% of caregivers reported checking toothpaste composition, professional guidance on oral hygiene was limited. Conclusion: In this single-center sample, children with ASD had a substantial burden of dental caries, suboptimal home oral hygiene, limited independent oral care, and caregiver-reported challenges during dental treatment. These exploratory findings support larger multicenter studies and further evaluation of tailored preventive, caregiver-education, and behavior-support strategies for children with ASD in Kazakhstan.
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