SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Long-term metabolic consequences of
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14-17% of pregnancies globally, imposing long-term public health burdens beyond pregnancy. Maternal hyperglycaemia increases offspring risk of metabolic disorders through epigenetic, hormonal and developmental programming. Growing evidence connects prenatal GDM exposure to childhood and adult metabolic diseases, yet the consistency and magnitude of these associations across different metabolic conditions remains unclear. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and Embase. Eligible studies included observational cohorts exploring associations between Results: Sixteen studies (n=9 RCTs, n=7 observational cohorts) involving diverse populations across 11 countries were included. In observational cohorts, GDM-exposed offspring showed higher BMI (MD = 1.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.94-1.89) and greater estimates for overweight/obesity in adulthood (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.25-3.50, I² = 80.7%). The analysis of fasting glucose results displayed high variability (I² = 80.7%) yet produced no meaningful combined impact (MD = -0.016 mmol/L, 95% CI: -1.52 to 1.49). In RCTs, active antenatal GDM management was associated with a non-significant trend towards lower HOMA-IR (MD = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.01; I² = 68.2%) and HbA1c (MD = -0.41%, 95% CI: -0.85 to 0.03; I² = 99.1%) relative to usual care. There were no statistically significant combined effects found for 2-hour OGTT glucose levels total cholesterol levels triglyceride levels or HDL-C levels. Egger's test revealed no significant publication bias for either glucose (t = 0.82, p = 0.43) or lipid outcomes (t = -0.08, p = 0.94). Conclusion:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.