ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
A Comprehensive Review on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Parameters, Pharmacological Potential and Pathophysiological Effects.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research owing to their unique physicochemical properties, high surface reactivity, and versatile biological activities. Their nanoscale dimensions have enabled diverse applications in antimicrobial therapy, anticancer treatment, biosensing, and drug delivery. However, increasing biomedical and environmental exposure to CuONPs has raised significant concerns regarding their biodistribution, biocompatibility, and potential toxicological effects. Unlike previous reviews that have generally addressed these aspects separately or with limited integration, this review integrates the physicochemical characteristics, exposure routes, biodistribution, pharmacological activities, and toxicological effects of CuONPs to provide a comprehensive understanding of their biomedical potential and safety. Emphasis is placed on the influence of inhalational, oral, dermal, and parenteral exposure routes and biological interactions of CuONPs, including their cellular internalization, protein corona formation, systemic translocation, and organ-specific accumulation. Furthermore, the review comprehensively examines the therapeutic applications of CuONPs, highlighting their antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties, while also discussing their associated toxicity such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, genotoxicity, and regulated cell death pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrates that CuONPs can induce significant pulmonary, hepatic, renal, neurological, reproductive, and haematological toxicities depending on their physicochemical properties and exposure conditions. Overall, this review highlights the dual role of CuONPs as both promising nanotherapeutic agents and potential toxicological hazards, emphasizing the need for standardized biological evaluation, safer nanoparticle design strategies, and improved understanding of biodistribution and long-term biological effects to support their future clinical translation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.