ReviewiScience2026
Ga(III) ion release from gallium-based liquid metals: The trade-off between efficacy and safety.
Review in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to unique pharmacological activities and distinctive physicochemical properties, gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) have attracted tremendous attention in therapeutics. As biodegradable metallic materials, gallium-based LMs can predominantly release Ga(III) ions under physiological conditions, which represents a double-edged sword for clinical translation. On the one hand, the Ga(III) ions act as redox-inert Fe(III) competitive inhibitors and may provide therapeutic effects for broad-spectrum therapeutic applications. On the other hand, upon nonspecific biodistribution or uncontrolled Ga(III) release, substitution of Fe(III) by Ga(III) may disturb iron metabolism in normal cells and subsequently induce toxicological outcomes. Therefore, understanding and managing the trade-off between efficacy and safety is a key prerequisite for the clinical translation of gallium-based LMs. This review aims to systematically summarize the therapeutic activities and toxicological characteristics of gallium-based LMs. Meaningfully, the unresolved challenges and future perspectives regarding the balance between efficacy and safety are outlined to inspire future academic explorations and clinical translation.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.