ArticleAmerican journal of preventive cardiology2026
Change in cascade of care among individuals with hypertension - India hypertension control initiative, 2018-2024.
Article in American journal of preventive cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the major contributors to cardiovascular mortality globally. Periodic hypertension cascade-of-care surveys are important for the health system's planning and monitoring. We conducted a baseline survey (2018), followed by a repeat cross-sectional survey (2023-24) in nine Phase I India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) districts to assess changes in hypertension control. Methods: We conducted a repeat cross-sectional survey in nine Phase-I IHCI districts across five states: Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Kerala. We included adults aged 18 to 69 years using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach, with a sample size of 624 per district. We estimated the proportions with 95% confidence intervals for hypertension awareness, treatment coverage, and control for each district. We analysed the change in the cascade of care for hypertension between the two surveys. Results: In 2023-24, 7324 individuals had hypertension; 58.5% were aware of their condition, 44.7% were under treatment, and 21.2% had it under control. Compared with 2018, there was an absolute improvement of 6.1%, 3.9%, and 6.7% in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control, respectively. Nearly 70% of individuals aware of their diagnosis were undergoing treatment. The elderly age group (over 60 years) showed greater improvement across all three hypertension cascade indicators than the younger age group. Conclusion: Repeated community-based surveys documented the effect of IHCI interventions in improving control at the community level. These results support the idea that IHCI strategies can possibly improve BP control in India and similar settings in Low- and Middle-income countries.
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