ArticleJCEM case reports2026
Simultaneous immune checkpoint blockade-associated diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis.
Article in JCEM case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an increasingly prominent therapeutic option in the management of a variety of cancers. As their clinical use expands, so too should our understanding of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with these agents. By enhancing immune activation, ICIs can cause off-target inflammation in various tissues, including endocrine. We present a case illustrating a rare but life-threatening manifestation of ICI toxicity: simultaneous severe diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis after just a single dose of ICI. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition and timely intervention of acute, life-threatening endocrine irAEs. We discuss the pathophysiology, management, and clinical course of ICI-induced diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease, with brief discussion of endocrine irAEs as a surrogate of therapeutic efficacy.
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