ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2026
Duration and severity of asthma-like episodes in young children vary by viral and bacterial triggers.
Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Duration and severity of asthma-like episodes in young children vary by viral and bacterial triggers.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAsthma-like episodes with cough, wheeze and/or breathlessness are frequent in young children and often triggered by respiratory tract infections. We aimed to examine whether specific microbial triggers of asthma-like episodes were associated with episode duration and severity.
methodsWe analyzed 453 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected during acute asthma-like episodes from 268 children aged 0-3 years from the COPSAC-2010 cohort. Samples were tested for common pathogenic respiratory viruses by PCR and for bacteria by culture. Asthma-like episodes were prospectively recorded in diaries. Associations between microbial triggers and episode duration and severity were analyzed by generalized estimating equations. Interactions between microbial triggers and selected asthma risk loci and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were explored in relation to episode duration.
resultsRhinovirus was associated with 27% longer episode duration compared to episodes without rhinovirus, predominantly driven by rhinovirus C (50% longer). Rhinovirus was also associated with a more than twofold increased risk of a severe asthma exacerbation (i.e., need for oral prednisolone, high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, and/or hospitalization) (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.10-4.64; p = .027), with rhinovirus C exhibiting an even higher risk (OR 4.38; 95% CI 1.71-11.25; p = .002). Episodes with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and/or Moraxella catarrhalis were associated with 61% longer duration than episodes without these bacteria, which was particularly pronounced for M. catarrhalis (47% longer). In contrast, RSV; parainfluenza and influenza viruses were associated with shorter duration. Younger age correlated with longer episode duration and risk of a severe asthma exacerbation. Exploratory analyses suggested pathogen-specific interactions with selected asthma risk loci and asthma exacerbartion PRS in relation to episode duration.
conclusionSpecific microbial triggers and younger age were associated with the duration and severity of asthma-like episodes in young children. These findings may improve prognostic assessment and support more individualized management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.