ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Engineering a dimeric porcine deltacoronavirus S-RBD subunit vaccine for enhanced immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that has caused global epidemics and substantial economic losses, posing a potential risk of cross-species transmission, including to humans. However, commercial vaccines are currently scarce. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein is a key target for inducing neutralizing antibodies, but the RBD monomer typically exhibits low molecular weight and weak immunogenicity. This study aimed to develop a tandem dimeric RBD subunit vaccine and evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in comparison with the RBD monomer and an inactivated vaccine.
resultsA PDCoV RBD dimer protein was successfully expressed and purified using a mammalian expression system. In mice, the RBD dimer vaccine elicited significantly higher RBD specific IgG levels, and induced a mixed Th1/Th2 type immune response, while simultaneously inducing numerically higher neutralizing antibody titers compared with the monomer and inactivated vaccines, despite non-significant differences. Post-challenge histopathological analysis revealed that the intestinal villi of mice in the dimer group remained largely intact, with significantly less damage than those in the control groups. In piglets, the peak neutralizing antibody titer induced by the RBD dimer was approximately 2.8 times that induced by the inactivated vaccine, and antibody levels remained relatively high until day 72, accompanied by significantly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation.
conclusionsIn mice, the RBD dimer subunit vaccine demonstrated superior antibody titers and protective efficacy compared with both the monomer and inactivated vaccines. In piglets, the dimer vaccine elicited higher and more durable antibody and neutralizing activity than the inactivated vaccine. These findings indicate the considerable potential of this candidate vaccine and warrant further in‑depth evaluation of its clinical protective efficacy in piglets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.