ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Incremental value of insulin resistance surrogate indices beyond the CHA
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are at high risk of thromboembolic events. Although the CHA Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4,474 patients with CHF and AF. IR surrogate indices were calculated, and thromboembolic events were defined as ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (IS/SE). Multivariable Cox regression models assessed the associations between these indices and thromboembolic risk. Their incremental value beyond the CHA Results: During a median follow-up of 4.00 years, 349 IS/SE events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios per 1-SD increase were 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.43) for the TyG index, 1.41 (1.28-1.56) for the TyG-BMI index, 1.27 (1.20-1.34) for METS-IR, and 1.13 (1.08-1.19) for the TG/HDL-C ratio (all P < 0.001). Risk increased progressively across tertiles of each index, and the associations remained consistent in competing-risk analyses. Adding METS-IR or the TyG-BMI index to the CHA Conclusions: IR surrogate indices were independently associated with IS/SE in patients with CHF and AF. METS-IR and the TyG-BMI index provided the most consistent incremental information beyond the CHA
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