A retrospective cohort study: predictive nomogram for clinical pregnancy outcomes after intrauterine insemination.

Introduction: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a widely used assisted reproductive technique; however, the factors associated with clinical pregnancy remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical pregnancy and develop an exploratory prediction model for clinical pregnancy after IUI. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 764 IUI cycles performed between January 2019 and December 2024. The data were divided into a training set (75%, 573 cycles) and a validation set (25%, 191 cycles) according to the treatment timing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with clinical pregnancy, and a nomogram was developed based on the final model. Results: In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, female age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.938, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.885-0.995, Discussion: Given its limited discriminative performance, the model should be considered an exploratory tool rather than a definitive clinical decision-making tool. These findings may provide preliminary information for individualized counseling; however, external validation in larger, prospective, multicenter cohorts is required before clinical application.