ArticleTranslational and clinical pharmacology2026
The evolving landscape of inflammation-related clinical trials: a 25-year registry-based network analysis from a clinical pharmacology perspective.
Article in Translational and clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The longitudinal evolution of inflammation-related clinical research has not been systematically characterized at the registry level, and the differential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic across inflammatory disease domains remains incompletely resolved. We analyzed 15,051 inflammation-related interventional trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (2000-2025), stratified into pre-pandemic (≤ 2019; n = 10,366), pandemic (2020-2022; n = 2,356), and post-pandemic (2023-2025; n = 2,329) epochs. We quantified volumetric, phase, and disease-category metrics; assessed thematic evolution using temporally stratified keyword co-occurrence networks; and characterized the static disease-mechanism architecture through bipartite network analysis using the H2' specialization and Nestedness based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill (NODF) nestedness indices. Annual registration sustained near pandemic-era rates through the post-pandemic window, peaking in 2025 (871 trials), alongside a sustained shift toward earlier-stage development. Disease-category composition reorganized into two distinct trajectories: a transient pulmonary surge (13.5%→21.4%→15.3%) and a sustained oncology expansion (12.3%→16.9%→21.3%; 73.2% relative increase), with oncology overtaking rheumatology as the largest category by 2023-2025. Co-occurrence networks underwent structural simplification (density 0.426→0.247; modularity 0.527→0.393), while the betweenness centrality of immune increased monotonically (0.171→0.333), identifying it as a progressively load-bearing bridging concept. Bipartite analysis showed moderate specialization (H2' = 0.415) and substantial nestedness (NODF = 51.07), with cross-domain coupling of immunologic and oncologic vocabularies. Formal artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) incorporation remained negligible (0.14%). COVID-19 functioned as a discrete inflection point amplifying a longer-term reorientation of inflammation research toward oncology-anchored, immune-centered investigation; AI/ML methodologies have not yet translated into prospective trial design.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.