Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42847312›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Comorbidities and health-care use prior to early-onset Alzheimer's disease: A population-based case-control study.

Laura Leppänen, Adolfina Lehtonen, Mikko Aaltonen, Kalle Aho, Ave Kivisild, Abbe Ullgren, Iina Rinnankoski, Helmi Soppela, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Anne M Portaankorva and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Laura LeppänenResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Adolfina LehtonenResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Mikko AaltonenLaw School, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Kalle AhoInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Ave KivisildInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Abbe UllgrenInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Iina RinnankoskiResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Helmi SoppelaInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Annakaisa HaapasaloA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Anne M PortaankorvaClinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Päivi HartikainenNeuro Center-Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Kasper KatiskoInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Eino SoljeInstitute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Johanna KrügerResearch Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-1133

Funding

Finnish Alzheimer's Disease Research SocietyFinnish Brain FoundationJane and Aatos Erkko FoundationPäivikki & Sakari Sohlberg FoundationSigrid Juselius FoundationThe Finnish Cultural FoundationThe Finnish Medical FoundationThe Foundation for Geriatric Diseases at Karolinska InstitutetThe Research Council of Finland 360445The Research Council of Finland 360451The State Research FundingThe Swedish Dementia FoundationUulo Arhio FoundationWihuri Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe examined whether comorbidities and health-care use differ between individuals later diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and matched controls during the 15 years preceding diagnosis.

methodsThis population-based case-control study included 407 EOAD patients diagnosed at two Finnish university hospitals (2010-2021), and 4035 age- and sex-matched controls. Prior diagnoses and health-care visits were obtained from nationwide registers.

resultsEOAD patients had higher prevalence of vertigo (5.9% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001), depression (5.7% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001), headache (4.9% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001), delirium (1.5% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001), brain injuries (2.9% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.002), thyroid disorders (2.5% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.008), alcohol-related disorders (3.4% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.009), epilepsy (2.2% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.009), strokes (4.4% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.008), and otorhinolaryngologic diseases (5.2% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.027) 1-5 years before diagnosis. Only otorhinolaryngologic diseases (4.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.036) differed 6 to 10 years prior, whereas no differences were seen 11 to 15 years before diagnosis. Hypertension and dyslipidemia showed no between-group differences. Health-care use increased markedly from year before EOAD diagnosis. DISCUSSION: EOAD is preceded by recognizable patterns of morbidity and increased health-care use, which may support earlier detection.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overAge of OnsetCase-Control StudiesComorbidityFemaleFinlandHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceAlzheimer's diseasebrain injurycomorbidityearly‐onset dementiaepilepsyhealth‐care visitotorhinolaryngologic diseasethyroid disorder

Identifiers

PMID42847312
PMCPMC13647492

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.