ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026
Association of Reproductive Factors and Postmenopausal Sex Hormones With Cognitive Impairment in Postmenopausal Women With Parkinson's Disease.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsTo explore the associations of reproductive factors (RFs) and postmenopausal sex hormone (PSH) with cognitive impairment (CI) in postmenopausal women with PD (PWPD), and to develop a predictive nomogram.
methodsNinety-five PWPD were divided into CI (n = 72; Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] < 26) and normal cognition (n = 23; MoCA ≥ 26) groups. RFs and serum PSH levels were collected. Risk factors were screened by logistic regression and confirmed via sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.
resultsShorter reproductive lifespan (RLS) and lower education independently predicted CI in PWPD. Compared with RLS ≥ 39 years, RLS ≤ 32 years (adjusted OR = 12.41, p = 0.011) and 33-38 years (adjusted OR = 8.42, p = 0.008) were associated with significantly higher CI risks. The RLS-CI association remained stable across sensitivity analyses and was more prominent in milder-stage patients. No intergroup PSH differences were observed. A nomogram integrating RLS, education, age, disease duration, and Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y stage) demonstrated satisfactory discrimination (AUC = 0.903), calibration, and net benefit.
conclusionShorter RLS independently predicts CI in PWPD, particularly in milder-stage patients, while PSH shows no association. This nomogram may serve as a practical screening tool for CI in PWPD, pending external validation.
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