ArticlePloS one2026
Functional characterization of neutrophils in patients with multiple myeloma.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer caused by abnormal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow and is associated with significant immune dysfunction. Neutrophils, essential components of the innate immune response, may function poorly in patients with multiple myeloma, increasing the risk of infection and affecting disease progression. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the extent of neutrophil dysfunction in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma. The study employed a cross-sectional analytical design and recruited 72 participants: 30 multiple myeloma patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from the University Teaching Hospital and the Cancer Diseases Hospital of Lusaka, Zambia. 4 mL of venous blood was collected from all participants in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vacutainers for laboratory analysis. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood using Polymorphprep™, and functionality was assessed using in vitro assays, including a phagocytosis assay using fluorescently labeled bacterial particles and a reactive oxygen species assay using the fluorescent probe 2', 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, measured by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA. Neutrophils from multiple myeloma patients demonstrated significantly lower phagocytic capacity (45.0% vs 75.9%, P < 0.001) and reactive oxygen species production (44.7% vs 74.9%, P < 0.001) compared to controls. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated strong associations between multiple myeloma and both reactive oxygen species (OR=5097.6, P < 0.001) and phagocytic dysfunction (OR=7272.7, P < 0.001). By contrast, age, sex, white blood cell count, and absolute neutrophil count were not significantly associated with these outcomes. The study found that patients with multiple myeloma exhibit qualitative impairment of neutrophil function, despite normal quantitative neutrophil counts, underscoring the importance of functional immune monitoring in patient management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.