SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors as neoadjuvant/perioperative therapy for locally advanced resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based neoadjuvant/perioperative strategies are expanding for locally advanced resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma, but the evidence base differs substantially across strategies, and improved pathological response has not consistently translated into survival benefit. We aimed to synthesize strategy-specific comparative and prospective single-arm evidence. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and major oncology conference proceedings were searched from inception to August 3, 2026. RCTs and prospective single-arm trials evaluating ICI-containing treatment initiated before surgery were included. Five strategies were evaluated: ICI plus chemotherapy (ICI+CT), ICI plus chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy (ICI+CT+A), ICI plus chemoradiotherapy (ICI+CRT), ICI plus chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy (ICI+CT+H), and dual-ICI therapy (ICI+ICI). Random-effects comparative meta-analyses were conducted separately by strategy, while single-arm analyses provided descriptive absolute estimates. Results: A total of 74 trials, including 16 RCTs and 58 prospective single-arm trials, were included. In randomized comparisons, ICI+CT was associated with improved pCR (RR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.19-4.15) and MPR (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.36-1.85) and, in perioperative trials, OS (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.93) and EFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.83) compared with chemotherapy. ICI+CT+A was associated with improved pCR (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.85-6.37) and MPR (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12-1.76), but survival evidence was limited to one phase II RCT reporting OS. Comparative evidence for ICI+CRT was limited to one small RCT. Evidence for ICI+CT+H and ICI+ICI was derived mainly from small biomarker-selected noncomparative studies. Conclusions: Evidence differed substantially across the five strategies. ICI+CT was associated with improved pCR and MPR and, in perioperative RCTs, OS and EFS; it had the largest and most mature randomized evidence base. ICI+CT+A was associated with improved pCR and MPR, whereas comparative evidence for ICI+CRT, ICI+CT+H, and ICI+ICI remained limited. Further comparative trials are required, particularly for safety and long-term survival. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251271789, identifier CRD420251271789.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.