ArticleJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences2026
Development and characterization of an injectable dental follicle stem cell-secretome/nano-hydroxyapatite chitosan-alginate hydrogel: A cytocompatible scaffold for periodontal regeneration.
Article in Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To develop and characterize a novel injectable hydrogel containing third molar dental follicle stem cell (DFSC)-derived secretome and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) with low molecular weight chitosan to create a bioactive, osteoconductive, and immunomodulatory scaffold for periodontal regeneration. Methods: A chitosan/sodium alginate matrix was synthesized via solvent evaporation to prepare three injectable hydrogel formulations: secretome-loaded hydrogel (TG1), nHA-reinforced hydrogel (TG2), and a composite hydrogel incorporating both active agents (TG3). Following sterilization, all formulations were assessed to determine their organoleptic properties, injectability, gelation time, and pH. The morphology and porosity of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mineral content by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and osteoblast cytocompatibility with the MTT assay. Results: All hydrogels were extruded from fine-gauge needles and maintained a uniform flow rate of up to 30G. The gelation time at 37 °C was approximately 8.5 ± 2.5 min for each hydrogel group. The hydrogels had highly porous and interconnected three-dimensional structures with irregular and varied pore distributions throughout the matrices. Porosity analysis performed by Otsu threshold segmentation of SEM images for the composite formulation (TG3) indicated an overall porosity of approximately 58.3%. EDS detected the presence of calcium and phosphorus (nHA) within the scaffold. The MTT results showed that the cell viability exceeded 90% for the composite formulation (secretome + nHA) and over 75% for all single-agent formulations, with no significant cytotoxicity relative to the control ( Conclusion: The injectable chitosan/alginate hydrogel loaded with DFSC-derived secretome and nHA exhibited favorable injectability, rapid gelation, high porosity, an interconnected microarchitecture, and excellent cytocompatibility. The successful incorporation of nHA was confirmed by EDS analysis, suggesting that the developed bioactive scaffold has potential uses in periodontal tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.