ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)
Physical activity and combinations with modifiable factors and risk of cognitive impairment: the Whitehall II study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionPhysical activity is a key modifiable protective factor for cognitive health, but randomized controlled trials initiating physical activity in late life have often failed to demonstrate significant cognitive benefits. The optimal window for prevention may be midlife, before irreversible pathology is established. We emulated a target trial to estimate counterfactual risks of cognitive impairment under hypothetical strategies of initiating or maintaining physical activity, alone or in combination with lifestyle and vascular risk modifications from midlife.
methodsWe utilized data from the Whitehall II study (
resultsInitiating physical activity alone did not significantly reduce the 18-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment. However, the estimated risk of cognitive impairment was lower under the strategy combining physical activity with healthy diet and no smoking, and with normal body mass index, compared with the natural course. Also, comprehensive strategies targeting physical activity, lifestyle factors, and all vascular risk factors achieved significant risk reduction. DISCUSSION: While physical activity initiated in midlife may be insufficient as a single intervention in this cohort, its integration into a comprehensive multidomain strategy addressing lifestyle and vascular health significantly reduces the risk of cognitive impairment. These findings support holistic prevention strategies from midlife to improve long-term cognitive outcomes.
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