ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026
Self-Efficacy, Healthy and Sustainable Lifestyle, and Life Satisfaction: An Integrated Model Accounting for Self-Reported Recreational Physical Activity Participation Status in Veterinary Students.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVeterinary education is characterized by intensive curricula and demanding practical training, which may constrain students' ability to maintain health-promoting routines and sustainable lifestyle behaviors. In such contexts, general self-efficacy-a psychological resource related to persistence and coping-may be associated with both lifestyle patterns and overall life satisfaction.
objectivesThis study examined the associations among general self-efficacy, healthy and sustainable lifestyle behaviors, and life satisfaction in veterinary students; evaluated whether lifestyle statistically accounted for part of the self-efficacy-life satisfaction association; and adjusted for self-reported physical activity participation status derived from a single preference item.
methodsA cross-sectional sample of 554 veterinary students (378 females, 176 males) was recruited using non-probability convenience sampling. Participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Healthy and Sustainable Lifestyle Scale (HSLS), and the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS). Multiple regression and a nonparametric bootstrap indirect-effect analysis (5,000 resamples) were performed with class level entered categorically; a numeric class-level sensitivity analysis was also conducted.
resultsHigher self-efficacy was associated with a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle, and both self-efficacy and lifestyle were independently associated with life satisfaction. In the primary model using categorical class-level coding, the indirect estimate through HSLS was 0.0765 (95% CI [0.0479, 0.1082]), representing 29.2% of the total association. A sensitivity analysis using numeric class-level coding produced a similar indirect estimate (0.0778, 95% CI [0.0495, 0.1092]). Students who selected the no-participation option on the physical activity preference item reported lower GSES, HSLS, and LSS scores than those who selected an activity option.
conclusionsThe findings identify a cross-sectional pattern of association among self-efficacy, lifestyle, and life satisfaction but do not establish temporal or causal relationships. Veterinary faculties may consider developing and formally evaluating student-support initiatives that strengthen efficacy beliefs, facilitate healthy and sustainable routines, and provide accessible opportunities for recreational activity. Longitudinal and intervention studies using validated physical activity measures are needed before causal or program-effectiveness conclusions are drawn. CLINICAL
trial registrationNot applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.