ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Myoclonus as a neurologic manifestation of hypoglycemia in dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMyoclonus consists of brief, shock-like jerks and is not reported in dogs as a neurological manifestation of hypoglycemia. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo describe hypoglycemia-associated myoclonus in dogs and report diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome. ANIMALS: Ten dogs presenting myoclonus and concurrent hypoglycemia.
methodsMulticenter, retrospective study of dogs presenting hypoglycemia-related myoclonus.
resultsAll dogs presented with myoclonus. Neurological examination was abnormal in 5/10 (50%). Myoclonus was generalized in 8/10 (80%) dogs and focal (head) in 2/10 (20%), with progression to generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures in 5/10 (50%). Hypoglycemia (<3.3 mmol/L) was observed in all dogs (median, 2.07 mmol/L) during the myoclonic episodes. Insulinoma was a suspected (n = 1), presumptive (n = 5), or definitive (n = 3) diagnosis in 9/10 (90%) dogs. One dog (10%) developed iatrogenic hypoglycemia after IV administration of fast-acting human insulin and myoclonic episodes resolved after dose reduction. Among dogs with suspected, presumptive or confirmed insulinoma, 5/9 (56%) received medical treatment alone, 3/9 (33%) combined medical and surgical treatment, and 1/9 (11%) was not treated. Medical treatment included, prednisolone (n = 6), diazoxide (n = 3) and therapeutic diet (n = 6). Surgical treatment consisted of pancreatic mass resection. Medical or surgical treatment resulted in short-term improvement in myoclonus frequency in all dogs, however, four were later euthanized due to recurrence of hypoglycemia and myoclonus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Myoclonus might represent an underrecognized neurological manifestation of hypoglycemia in dogs. Measurement of blood glucose concentrations is a fundamental diagnostic approach for identifying hypoglycemia-related myoclonus. Treatment can lead to clinical improvement, but prognosis is dependent on the underlying cause.
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