ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2026
Comparison of ChatGPT and Claude in managing real-life difficult nephrology cases.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models (LLMs) are promising tools for clinical decision support, but their clinical performance in specialized fields such as nephrology is still uncertain. ChatGPT and Claude represent distinct AI architectures with potentially different clinical utilities. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy, treatment recommendations, and overall clinical utility of these two AI models in managing real-life difficult nephrology cases. Material and methods: Twenty-two real nephrology cases from a tertiary care university hospital were presented to both models, covering disorders such as glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, vasculitis, and transplant complications. Each model's output was assessed for diagnostic accuracy, risk evaluation, test recommendations, and treatment planning. Three independent nephrologists evaluated the responses using the Quality Assessment of Medical Information (QAMAI) and Global Quality Score (GQS) tools. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with Results: Claude achieved higher diagnostic accuracy than ChatGPT (4.59 ±0.41 vs. 4.36 ±0.48; Conclusions: Both ChatGPT and Claude demonstrate notable potential as decision-support tools in nephrology. Claude provided slightly higher diagnostic accuracy, while ChatGPT offered greater clarity. Despite these promising results, clinical judgment remains essential when interpreting LLM-generated suggestions.
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