ReviewFrontiers in genome editing2026
Gene therapy for non-obstructive azoospermia: therapeutic avenues and translational pathway to clinical application.
Review in Frontiers in genome editing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the most severe male infertility. Although microsurgical testicular sperm extraction combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection offers opportunities, approximately 50% of NOA patients still fail to obtain sperm for clinical treatments. Fortunately, the emergence of precision medicine, particularly advances in gene therapy, has opened new therapeutic avenues for NOA in preclinical studies, demonstrating proof-of-concept in animal models. This review examines current progress in NOA gene therapy. Firstly, three principal therapeutic strategies: lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery for transient protein replacement, CRISPR-based gene editing for permanent correction, and stem cell-based approaches combined with genetic modification are comparatively analyzed. Subsequently, particular emphasis is placed on recent breakthroughs in testicular mRNA delivery that have successfully restored spermatogenesis in NOA mouse models, resulting in viable offspring. Furthermore, the delivery technologies including adeno-associated viral vectors, and non-viral methods are critically evaluated to assess their respective advantages, limitations, and suitability for different testicular cell types. The review also addresses critical safety considerations, such as off-target effects, germline transmission risks, and epigenetic consequences. Finally, we discuss the translational roadmap toward clinical application, and how the obstacles including delivery optimization, long-term safety validation, and the regulatory pathways to affect the transition from preclinical proof-of-concept to first-in-human trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.