Evidence map›Paper›PMID 7997705›Full record

ArticleStatistics in medicine1994

Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials.

S Senn

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in medicine, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
146citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02879409 naactive not recruitingstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Does Glycated Hemoglobin Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Differ Depending on the Diabetes Treatment Threshold Used in the Qatari Population: Implication on Diabetes Complication Risk?

Ran2016Enrolled150Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Armsdapagliflozin, Gliclazide, human insulin, liraglutide, Metformin
PMID 9742977PMID 19092145PMID 9886743PMID 9742976PMID 10938048PMID 12020338PMID 14694008PMID 15189396PMID 15921524PMID 16004665PMID 16801566PMID 17490424other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00311948 phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2006, after this paper: background citation

Telephone and Web-based Teen Tobacco Cessation in HMOs

TypeinterventionalSponsorKaiser PermanenteRan2006 to 2010Enrolled600ConditionsTobacco UseArmsTelephone counseling + interactive website = more abstinence, Behavioral: interactive website
NCT04356534 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxia: a Prospective Randomized Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of BahrainRan2020 to 2020Enrolled40ConditionsSARS-CoV 2, COVID-19Armsplasma therapy using convalescent plasma with antibody against SARS-CoV-2, Routine care for COVID-19 patients
NCT04387760 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Treatment of Covid-19 With Favipiravir Versus Hydroxychloroquine: a Randomized Comparator Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of BahrainRan2020 to 2021Enrolled150ConditionsSARS-CoV 2, COVID-19ArmsHydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, Routine care for COVID-19 patients
NCT04616066 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Date Fruit Phytoestrogen on the Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of BahrainRan2021 to 2022Enrolled79ConditionsType2 DiabetesArmsDates, Raisins
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

146 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. A roadmap to using randomization in clinical trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2021
    Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

S SennMedicine and Clinical Development Department, CIBA, Basle, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Once the data from a clinical trial are available for analysis it is common practice to carry out 'tests of baseline homogeneity' on prognostic covariates before proceeding to analyse the effects of treatment on outcome variables. It is argued that this practice is philosophically unsound, of no practical value and potentially misleading. Instead it is recommended that prognostic variables be identified in the trial-plan and fitted in an analysis of covariance regardless of their baseline distribution (statistical significance).

Indexed as

Data Interpretation, StatisticalMultivariate AnalysisResearch DesignSelection BiasAlgorithmsAnalysis of VarianceHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSample SizeTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID7997705

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.